Washington, May 28 (Inditop): An analysis of 240 independent studies by researchers at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies has revealed that most polluted or damaged ecosystems worldwide can recover within a lifetime if societies commit to their cleanup or restoration.
The Yale researchers found that forest ecosystems recovered in 42 years on average, while ocean bottoms recovered in less than 10 years.
When examined by disturbance type, ecosystems undergoing multiple, interacting disturbances recovered in 56 years, and those affected by either invasive species, mining, oil spills or trawling recovered in as little as five years.
Most ecosystems took longer to recover from human-induced disturbances than from natural events, such as hurricanes.
“The damages to these ecosystems are pretty serious,” said Oswald Schmitz, an ecology professor at the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies and co-author of the meta-analysis with Yale Ph.D. student Holly Jones.
“But, the message is that if societies choose to become sustainable, ecosystems will recover. It isn’t hopeless,” he added.
The Yale analysis focuses on seven ecosystem types, including marine, forest, terrestrial, freshwater and brackish, and addresses recovery from major anthropogenic disturbances: agriculture, deforestation, eutrophication, invasive species, logging, mining, oil spills, overfishing, power plants and trawling and from the interactions of those disturbances.
Major natural disturbances, including hurricanes and cyclones, are also accounted for in the analysis.
The researchers analyzed data derived from peer-reviewed studies conducted over the past century that examined the recovery of large ecosystems following the cessation of a disturbance.
The studies measured 94 variables that were grouped into three categories: ecosystem function, animal community and plant community.
The researchers quantified the recovery of each of the variables in terms of the time it took for them to return to their pre-disturbance state.
The Yale analysis found that 83 studies demonstrated recovery for all variables; 90 reported a mixture of recovered and non-recovered variables; and 67 reported no recovery for any variable.
According to Schmitz, 15 percent of all the ecosystems in the analysis are beyond recovery.
Also, 54 percent of the studies that reported no recovery likely did not run long enough to draw definitive conclusions.
In addition, the analysis suggests that an ecosystem’s recovery may be independent of its degraded condition.
The researchers said the analysis rebuts speculation that it will take centuries or millennia for degraded ecosystems to recover and justifies an increased effort to restore degraded areas for the benefit of future generations.
“Restoration could become a more important tool in the management portfolio of conservation organizations that are entrusted to protect habitats on landscapes,” said Schmitz.
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