Washington, Aug 1 (Inditop.com) Diets high in fructose, a type of sugar found in most processed foods and beverages, impairs memory, according to a new study.
Amy Ross, graduate student in the lab of Marise Parent, associate professor at Georgia State University (GSU) Neuroscience Institute, fed a group of rats a diet where fructose represented 60 percent of calories ingested during the day.
She placed the rats in a pool of water to test their ability to learn to find a submerged platform, which allowed them to get out of the water.
She then returned them to the pool two days later with no platform present to see if the rats could remember to swim to the platform’s location.
“What we discovered is that the fructose diet doesn’t affect their ability to learn,” Parent said. “But they can’t seem to remember as well where the platform was when you take it away. They swam more randomly than rats fed a control diet.”
Fructose, unlike another sugar, glucose, is processed almost solely by the liver, and produces an excessive amount of triglycerides — fat which gets into the bloodstream.
Triglycerides can interfere with insulin signaling in the brain, which plays a major role in brain cell survival and plasticity, or the ability of the brain to change, based on new experiences.
Results were similar in adolescent rats, but it is unclear whether the effects of high fructose consumption are permanent, she said.
Parent’s lab works with Timothy Bartness, biology professor and John Mielke of the University of Waterloo in Canada to examine how diet influences brain function.
“The bottom line is that we were meant to have an apple a day as our source of fructose,” Parent said. “And now, we have fructose in almost everything.” Moderation is key, as well as exercise, she said.
High intake of fructose is associated with numerous health problems, including insulin insensitivity, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, said a GSU release.
These results will be presented at the 2009 Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago this autumn.
